Nov 2025
A recent survey of 2,000 UK workers by legal platform Valla highlights widespread confusion about the employment tribunal system and the resulting barriers to challenging unlawful treatment. Nine in 10 employees reported lacking fundamental knowledge of how tribunals work, and 95% were unaware of the three-month deadline for bringing claims, an information gap that leaves many unable to act within the required timeframe. Awareness is particularly low among younger workers, with 38% of those aged 18 to 24 saying they had never heard of an employment tribunal. The study also points to a wage-theft “epidemic”, with 59% of hourly paid workers reporting some form of lost pay, and disproportionately higher rates among women and individuals with disabilities.
Experts warn that this lack of understanding significantly weakens workers’ ability to identify or challenge unlawful practices, allowing poor behaviours to continue unchecked. The strict time limit for filing claims also appears to be exploited by some employers who delay responses until action becomes impossible. At the same time, employees often face complex procedures without legal support, while employers typically rely on professional representation, creating a notable power imbalance. Despite these challenges, government data shows a 23% rise in single tribunal claims over the past year, and further increases are expected as public awareness and understanding grows. The findings reinforce the need for employers to maintain strong compliance practices and provide clear, accessible communication about workplace rights.
